The risk factors for development of a diabetic foot
in asymptomatic diabetics

Al-Laham Riyad Yahya, MD*, ElMahadi Mohamed Ali, MD, MD Med**,
Mohamed ElMakki Ahmed, MS FRCSI***.
Khartoum Teaching Hospital*
Department of Medicine**
Department of Surgery, University of Khartoum, Sudan***

Abstract
Objectives: Neuropathy, ischaemia and foot deformities are the main predisposing factors for development of a diabetic foot. Screening asymptomatic diabetics may reveal early preventable predisposing factors of foot ulceration.
Methods
One hundred diabetics presenting to Jabir Abu Eliz Diabetic Centre (JADC) for routine follow up at the medical clinic were studied. The feet were examined for neuropathy, ischaemia and deformities. Patients were educated about the significance of these findings and were instructed about foot care and wear as required.
Diabetes, Neuropathy, Ischaemia,
Diabetic foot
Results
The mean age was 55 +/- 12 yrs and M:F ratio was 1:2. Sixty percent of patients had diabetes over 10 yrs and 90% were Type II Diabetes mellitus. Sixteen percent of patients had relative lower limb ischaemia as shown by an ankle/brachial index (A:B index <0.9) and 50% had sensory neuropathy. More than 50% had foot deformities.
Conclusion
There are significant findings in asymptomatic diabetics related to the development of the diabetic foot. All patients attending a diabetic clinic should be screened for predisposing factors leading to the development of the diabetic foot and counseled. It remains to be seen how future follow up will results in better care and outcome in those patients.